Children come across diverse problems in their daily lives. A toy may be too high to reach, their ice cream may fall on the ground, or their best friend may not want to play with them.
Early childhood professionals can equip children with skills, knowledge and resources to find their own solutions. Problem solving is wonderful for children's confidence and self-worth.
Also, some children really enjoy cognitive puzzles and games with rules. Problem solving can be an enjoyable pastime for all ages.
EYLF learning outcomes
The Early Years Learning Framework V2.0 mentions problem solving as a specific learning outcome: Children develop a range of learning and thinking skills and processes, including problem solving (4.2).
Learning experiences
Play with toys
Some early childhood toys are purposely designed to develop children's problem solving skills. These include building blocks, jigsaw puzzles, card games and board games. Problem solving toys involving technology include robots and computer coding toys.
These toys can easily be set up in your classroom. However, children will benefit most when they receive support and encouragement from educators. Monitor children as they play and step in when they require help.
Conduct experiments
Science and STEM learning involves problem solving. Find a problem in your environment and explore why it happens. Conduct experiments and research to uncover possible answers.
- What is making that noise? It could be a dripping tap. Let's look around the classroom to find out.
- Some of our chairs are missing. Maybe someone took them. Let's ask teachers in the other rooms to find out if it was them.
- It is raining too much and we can't play outside. Let's look at the weather report to find out when the sun will come back.
Make things
Problem solving is required when children participate in visual arts and design projects. Encourage children to:
- experiment with new materials and techniques
- brainstorm ideas and test possible solutions
- draw plans or build prototypes
- research the work of other artists and designers.
Solve social conflicts
Many problems that children face are interpersonal. Early childhood educators can teach children to navigate social conflict in safe and healthy ways.
- Read story books that highlight characters facing interpersonal challenges. Discuss how they work towards a resolution.
- Use role-play to simulate conflicts, allowing children to practice problem solving, negotiation and communication skills in a safe environment.
- Teach children to identify and express their emotions accurately, so they can communicate their feelings during conflicts.
- Help children understand the feelings of others, promoting empathy and making it easier to navigate conflicts. Foster an environment that values diversity and teaches children to respect and appreciate differences in others.
- Plan enjoyable, lighthearted group activities that require cooperation. These will encourage children to work together, share ideas and compromise.